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The history of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in the Netherlands has reflected the shades of tolerance or rigidity which were utilized by the rulers of the country at various periods in its history. Since World War II, the movement for LGBT rights has been galvanized by both events abroad and increasing liberalization domestically. ==18th and 19th centuries== Engaging in sodomy was a public offense in the Dutch Republic from 1730 until 1811, following French annexation, when the Napoleonic Code was first put into place. Most of the cases prosecuted involved men engaging in anal intercourse with other men (usually boys under the age of consent or cases of male rape). Heterosexuals who engaged in sodomy, or zoophiles engaging in bestiality, were generally not prosecuted under this legislation. However, a woman attempting a marriage with another woman could be arrested for fraud.〔 After 1730 (during the Age of Enlightenment), a steep increase regarding arrests and pogroms for sodomy occurred in the Utrecht sodomy trials. Hundreds of men were accused of sodomy with other males, and 200〔 to 300 men were executed during this period. Sodomy laws were also being debated in this period; in 1777, an anonymous tract titled ''Considerations on Punishing a Certain Infamous Crime'' appeared, which called for the abolition of Dutch sodomy laws. Although this tract did not view homosexuality as criminal, it did view is as asocial behaviour. It stated that homosexuality was preventable by the co-education of males and females in school, as well as promoting heterosexual marriage to young children.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/netherlands.html )〕 In the eighteenth century, sexual vices such as masturbation came under attack, but at the same time many authors celebrated Socrates and Plato's perceived paederastic friendship. They engaged in what has been called "The Socratic Battle", which discussed whether Socrates was an ancient Greek paederast or a close friend of Plato. Both sides of the debate were clear to emphasise that they were not supportive of sodomy or paederasty ''per se'', but that they were supportive of the same-sex friendship, being purposefully vague as to the dynamics of the latter so as not to offend the sensitivities of the age. Same-sex attractions were still perceived as a sin and often kept quiet, and it has been argued that this silence both prevented and ironically encouraged homosexuality in males.〔 In addition, women passed or dressed as men and sometimes even married other women, and some (usually from the lower class) were classified as tribades. They were often involved in petty criminality and prostitution.〔 After the Batave Republic was founded in 1795, the number of prosecutions for sodomy increased again, but the severity of the punishments lessened. Some tribades were prosecuted for attempted sodomy and were imprisoned. In 1810, the Napoleon Bonaparte incorporated the country into the French Empire. In 1811, Holland adopted the French legal code, which had abolished laws against sodomy in 1791.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LGBT history in the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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